A liver transplant is a surgical procedure where a diseased or failing liver is removed and replaced with a healthy liver from a donor. The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body, and it does an enormous amount of work — filtering toxins from the blood, producing proteins needed for clotting, supporting digestion, storing energy, and regulating hundreds of metabolic processes.
When the liver fails, none of those functions happen properly. Without a working liver, life cannot continue. That is why a transplant, when indicated, is not optional — it is life-saving.
There are two main sources of donor livers. The first is a deceased donor transplant, where the liver comes from a person who has been declared brain dead and whose family has consented to organ donation. The second is a living donor transplant, where a healthy person — usually a family member or close friend — donates a portion of their liver. The liver has a remarkable ability to regenerate, and both the donor's remaining portion and the transplanted segment grow back to near-normal size within a few weeks.